#Ac3d pobierz code#
Indeed, a group of genes whose expression program appears to be minimally affected by the differentiation process, code for proteins participating in vital skeletal muscle structures. Conclusionīy studying gene expression patterns from a structural perspective we have demonstrated that not all genes encoding proteins that are part of muscle specific structures are simply up-regulated during muscle cell differentiation. Interestingly, most genes encoding costamere as well as some Z-disk proteins appeared to be broadly expressed across most tissues and showed little change in expression during muscle differentiation, in line with the broader cellular role described for some of these proteins. A muscle specificity index was calculated based on muscle expression relative to the median expression in all tissues and, as expected, genes with the highest muscle specificity were also expressed most dynamically during differentiation. Visualisation of the expression data in VMus3D yielded novel observations with significant relationships between the spatial location and the temporal expression profiles of the structural protein products of these genes.
Expression profiles of the genes encoding these proteins were obtained from mouse C2C12 cells undergoing myogenesis in vitro, as well as a mouse tissue survey dataset. Sets of generic striated muscle costamere, Z-disk and filament proteins were constructed from the literature and protein-interaction databases. To gain further insight into the orchestration of these structural changes we have overlaid the spatial organisation of the protein components of a muscle cell with their gene expression changes during differentiation using a new 3D visualisation tool: the Virtual Muscle 3D (VMus3D).
Myogenesis is an ordered process whereby mononucleated muscle precursor cells (myoblasts) fuse into multinucleated myotubes that eventually differentiate into myofibres, involving substantial changes in gene expression and the organisation of structural components of the cells.
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